This is what you said:
Su-35(T-10M) had thicker wings over standard Su-27
All they did is strengthen it for more payload. It didn't become thicker.
Su-27M, Su-35, and Su-37 are all the same aircraft.
M is the modernization. 35 is the new designation. 37 comes with new engine and TVC, further modifiication. It's the 11th prototype of the Su-27M/Su-35.
MKI's modifications are all separate from Su-27M. They had nothing to do with each other. Su-27M was used as a TD to develop a new Flanker, and in a separate process Su-30 went through modifications that allowed it to carry a bigger radar, thats all.
Su-27M had far more changes that were also different in the frontal fuselage and internals compared to the Su-30M.
Su-30K was an entirely different aircraft. Adding canards would have pushed it into a full development program.
Su-30MK was entirely different, and came with the ability to add canards, that's how both MKI and MKK got canards. But you couldn't do that on an airframe that did not come equipped for the modernization right from production stage.
Once again, MKI and MKK got TVC and canards in an entirely different process from Su-27M/Su-37. Both jets had different goals. Canards were added 'cause Bars PESA was heavy. On Su-27M, canards were added for more stability post modifications, but to also enhance agility. Later they figured out it was not needed. So Su-27M2 lost canards while retaining TVC, while MKI and Su-35UB were forced to use canards for stability.
If it wasn't for Bars, MKI would not have had canards.
At different standards. This has nothing to do with "Indian weighing system." This is standard physics used globally by all airlines.
The same aircraft has different fuel mass in India and in Russia.
Here, I found something else that explains it in more detail.
The amount of fuel an aircraft can carry depends on a lot of factors.
simpleflying.com
Fomin and Gordon are wrong. We know this for a fact. The very fact that Fomin got MKK fuel load wrong while boosting MKI's over MKK should tell you that clearly. You would have had something of substance to argue with had it been the opposite.
The SME's specs show what I said is right. If you use Russia's standard fuel density, you get MKI's figure of 9.64T.