Yeah papers like this are focused on the control algo program only hence highly theoretical & need a ton of primary knowledge/understanding of the matter prior. But the challenge faced in the terminal phase or at a higher altitude, I think the general idea of interceptor is similar in nature. Hence the interceptor is divided in 2 parts booster or launch vehicle LV + KV kill vehicle. This general config is very much similar config to boost and glide/cruise phase of a surface attack missile except the endgame here is to intercept in air. So the KV design is tuned for that.I took a cursory glance at the paper. It's a math heavy theoretical paper. I'd take the better part of a day to make some sense as opposed to all of it . I'd pass.
Instead I'd like to invite @Gautam to take a look & explain the difficulties involved if he's so inclined.
Moreover you guys are only focusing on the AAM aspect of it whereas I've also mentioned a SAM which I believe stands a better chance of a kill as it affords you the dimensions to carry the fuel & other paraphernalia which an airborne missile can't match for obvious reasons plus there's the element of surprise which an airborne platform launching such a missile can't equal.
Air launch usefulness is that the mother vehicle jet is much more mobile than a ground based missile launcher, so reaction can be over a very large range bubble from one end to the other, theoretically.