LCA Tejas Mk1 & Mk1A - News and discussions

I'm glad Rafale induction didn't happened same way...it delivered on time battle ready & fought combat in May

Don't know how accurate it is, nonetheless
> All ISE completed
> There were delays airforce will not agree with it
> 2 main reasons, when we bought this aircraft from france, source code was not shared
> Frenchies said, for any enhancement, this is the money we will charge and handle over the airplanes.
> Hesitation of part of airforce from handing over airframes
> Delays in making payments to Frenchies

Exactly sir we should thank God that it fought in May 2025, not anytime before 2023. Because it was not battle ready, Meteor had issues. Airframes were in France, all 36 airframes underwent modifications in France

This is when first rafale came in 2020 and were ordered in 2016 and this is not me but a vet saying it

Also in future any modifications and IAF will have to hand its airframes one by one to France for modifications. Amazing 🙌
 

GE Engine Delays for Tejas MK1A,
Industrial Reality & not Amriki Sazish🇺🇸🇮🇳

>2016

GE delivered 65 of contracted F404-IN20 engines for MK1 program, with no scope of follow on orders, GE Considered Shutting down the prod line.

>2017-2020

GE shut F404-IN20 line, with tooling mothballed, suppliers released, & capacity shifted to other active engine programmes.

>2021

In Feb, deal signed for 83 Tejas MK1A, In August HAL placed an order for 99 F404-IN20 engines, Triggered industrial restart at GE with a rough timeline of 30-36 months.

>2022
Efforts started with re-engagament of suppliers, tooling validation & setting up certification processes.

>2023-2024

The restart effort faced issues due to post Covid supply chain disruption well documented with other OEMs as well, compounding this was exit of a critical South Korean supplier, due to which GE was forced to identify alternate supplier.

For new supplier GE had to transfer technical data, new tooling, and conduct full part & process qualification, due to all these issues The restart timeline was extended again.

>2025

In March, GE supplied 1st engine, it was an early prod stage which was constrained by Yeild losses, high rejection rates kept the production limited.

>2026

Till date 5 engines have been delivered by GE, & 5 more are delivered before 31st March, GE indicated that most complex part of the restart is near completion.

GE also informed that they have Increased Automation for testing & inspection part, the vendor base has been re qualified & stabilised.

From H2 GE will start delivering engines at contracted production rate to HAL, & from FY 2027, the prod. & delivery rate of engines will reach 28-30 engines per annum

Although the entire sequence of events as detailed above is known to defence fans it bears retelling if only to re analyse the entire episode.

The production line for the GE F-404 IN20 TFs were shut down precisely at around the time the Mk-1 received the FOC & extended negotiations were being held between the MoD & IAF with HAL for the order of 97 nos Mk-1a .

Do note it took 3 years for the negotiations to conclude post which it was sent to CCS for approval followed by signing of the agreement & release of funds to HAL as advance.

People question HAL accusing it of negligence for not having confirmed the order for the TFs with GE earlier . But is that the responsibility of the production agency ?

Which OEM in the world moves to secure production lines or place orders for long lead items with its vendors without a formal PO & more importantly the advance payment ?

This is squarely on IAF for not taking responsibility of Project Management which is the norm in defence the world over as end users are tasked with functioning as PMs.

This is also on MoD for not forcing the issue with the IAF . Thus this all round apathy coupled with the Wuhan Virus Pandemic has led to the present impasse & consequent delays.

As a via media , MoD could've tasked HAL with opening negotiations with GE for not shutting the production line & promptly clearing the release of the order for TFs by HAL arranging for the advance payment in coordination with the MoF.

This could later be adjusted during negotiations of the contract . This wasn't done yet the overwhelming consensus on SM is it's HAL to blame with both MoD & IAF escaping culpability & here we are.
 
Gentlemen, Please Share your Views on the following

I have been wondering whether MK1A , was really necessary at all

I mean it was sanctioned and agreed upon in 2016 , and now in 2026 we will finally induct it

Suppose IAF, HAL and DRDO had worked together ONLY on MK 2 , from 2014 onwards , Maybe it would have been completed by Now

As per media reports , IAF had rejected MK1 and they wanted MK2 with more range and payload and hence MK1A was proposed as a stop gap measure

But the distribution of Human Resources on All 3 projects ie MK1A, MK 2 and AMCA has delayed everything

Anyway , let us simply hope and pray for the Best
 
I have been wondering whether MK1A , was really necessary at all
Yes it was. It is. MK1 wasn't a well-optimised or technologically relevant aircraft when it achieved FOC or when MK1A was conceptualised. Consider the MK1A as the more real-world relevant, mature evolution of the MK1.

I mean it was sanctioned and agreed upon in 2016 , and now in 2026 we will finally induct it
Much and more bas been said about timelines of major defence projects and their management. Beating a dead horse is a futile task.

Suppose IAF, HAL and DRDO had worked together ONLY on MK 2 , from 2014 onwards , Maybe it would have been completed by Now
Even the MK2 evolved from the original "Tejas with F-414" to a 17.5-ton MTOW fighter it currently is, much along the lines of Gripen-E. The MK2 design reached it's current form sometimes around 2018-19.

As per media reports , IAF had rejected MK1 and they wanted MK2 with more range and payload and hence MK1A was proposed as a stop gap measure

But the distribution of Human Resources on All 3 projects ie MK1A, MK 2 and AMCA has delayed everything
MK1A is a HAL project. MK2 and AMCA are ADA projects. Tejas MK1 stopped being an ADA project after it achieved FOC.
Projects can only progress so far with just the internal funds. AMCA graduated from an ADA time-pass concept to an actual 5th gen fighter project the IAF is interested in after 2018, after the IAF had dropped out of the FGFA programme. CCS approval was delayed for both MK2 & AMCA, which is the most potent driver of projects. Factors like securing the F-414 supply and getting the SPV (for AMCA) off the ground delayed the CCS approvals, impacting timelines. Heck, the JV for AMCA's engine is yet to receive the CCS approval, such is the state of affairs.

As an old professor of mine once said, delays and cost overruns are the name of the game in aerospace projects. Regardless of the nation undertaking the projects or the contractors involved, delays and cost overruns are inevitable.
 
Gentlemen, Please Share your Views on the following

I have been wondering whether MK1A , was really necessary at all

I mean it was sanctioned and agreed upon in 2016 , and now in 2026 we will finally induct it

Suppose IAF, HAL and DRDO had worked together ONLY on MK 2 , from 2014 onwards , Maybe it would have been completed by Now

As per media reports , IAF had rejected MK1 and they wanted MK2 with more range and payload and hence MK1A was proposed as a stop gap measure

But the distribution of Human Resources on All 3 projects ie MK1A, MK 2 and AMCA has delayed everything

Anyway , let us simply hope and pray for the Best

Only Mk1A is production ready..

Mk2 is yet to even demo ,,what if some serious design issue came up? Numbers will fall down with no Mk1A / Mk2 either .

Mk1A reduces development time for Mk2
Mk2 incorporate AMCA avionics thereby reducing Amca development time.

Maturity increasing with every platform.

If Mk2 is already production ready, we maynot have placed additional order for Mk1A.
 
Gentlemen, Please Share your Views on the following

I have been wondering whether MK1A , was really necessary at all

I mean it was sanctioned and agreed upon in 2016 , and now in 2026 we will finally induct it

Suppose IAF, HAL and DRDO had worked together ONLY on MK 2 , from 2014 onwards , Maybe it would have been completed by Now

As per media reports , IAF had rejected MK1 and they wanted MK2 with more range and payload and hence MK1A was proposed as a stop gap measure

But the distribution of Human Resources on All 3 projects ie MK1A, MK 2 and AMCA has delayed everything

Anyway , let us simply hope and pray for the Best
Aai ghalya , after being on defence fora for more than a decade & a half , you ask questions like a novice.

Aren't you aware of the formula worked out by MP in 2016 & the path detailed ?

Mk-1 -> Mk-1a -> Mk-2 -> AMCA + TEDBF.

The reason being the Mk-1 was sub optimal. Mk-1a would incorporate some of what Mk-1 couldn't & Mk-2 would be what Mk-1 was supposed to be plus more where the more stands for the time elapsed in realising the Mk-1 during which a lot changed in the world of defence aviation & along with it the requirements of the IAF considering what transpired in the neighborhood as well as considering the fact that replacements for the Jaguars , the Mirage 2000 & the MiG-29 were needed.

Hence LCA evolved or metamorphosed into the MWF or Mk-2 & here we are.

Alhamdulillah !
 
I have been wondering whether MK1A , was really necessary at all

I mean it was sanctioned and agreed upon in 2016 , and now in 2026 we will finally induct it

Suppose IAF, HAL and DRDO had worked together ONLY on MK 2 , from 2014 onwards , Maybe it would have been completed by Now
Without Mk1A there would've been no Mk2. The IAF would've most probably gone the Buy Global (aka import) route for a new SEF and ended up buying the Gripen-E.

The downstream impact would've affected AMCA adversely. As you know, Mk2 is a feeder prog for most tech going into our 5G jet.
 
Thanks All of you for Replying to my Question 😍

Like Everyone ,I too wish the best for IAF but my worry is that
The Rafale " Question " has again come to the fore , I mean the Cost of 114 Rafales being discussed on Twitter As compared to Tejas MK 2

So somehow there is a fear that Neither MK 2 is getting completed soon and Nor the 114 Rafales acquisition will proceed because of Costs

And neighbors are having fun with our depleting Squadron strength
 
Thanks All of you for Replying to my Question 😍

Like Everyone ,I too wish the best for IAF but my worry is that
The Rafale " Question " has again come to the fore , I mean the Cost of 114 Rafales being discussed on Twitter As compared to Tejas MK 2

So somehow there is a fear that Neither MK 2 is getting completed soon and Nor the 114 Rafales acquisition will proceed because of Costs

And neighbors are having fun with our depleting Squadron strength
Brother Mk2 and Rafale both are different kind of jets. I don't see Rafale affecting the Tejas Mk2 project in any significant way.
 
  • Agree
Reactions: YoungWolf
The Rafale " Question " has again come to the fore , I mean the Cost of 114 Rafales being discussed on Twitter As compared to Tejas MK 2

So somehow there is a fear that Neither MK 2 is getting completed soon and Nor the 114 Rafales acquisition will proceed because of Costs
In case of delays, this GoI will likely buy some more Rafale off the shelf with limited offsets like it did in its 1st term.

France has a lot invested in this deal and they won't let it go the way of the Australian SSK deal (unless ofc the Americans come in with the F-35 :) )
 
Thanks All of you for Replying to my Question 😍

Like Everyone ,I too wish the best for IAF but my worry is that
The Rafale " Question " has again come to the fore , I mean the Cost of 114 Rafales being discussed on Twitter As compared to Tejas MK 2

So somehow there is a fear that Neither MK 2 is getting completed soon and Nor the 114 Rafales acquisition will proceed because of Costs

And neighbors are having fun with our depleting Squadron strength
IAF always wanted to have two programs : TE & SE...200+ each of them & now it's Rafale & MK2 respectively , Both are required to complete different sets of operational requirements.

In short rafale/MRFA is necessary mid-term combat capability & MK2 is non-negotiable independence.
Wrt to cost ....We actually under-spend on defence relative to threat environment So it's necessary to gradually increase defence budget to 2.5 - 3 % of GDP in next couple of years.
We paid more money fixing capability gaps instead of funding programs, R&D. And still we are negotiating like street shopping for next gen critical techs like "Bhaiya thoda sa rate kam ho jata to" resulting in years of delay🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️
 
The Rafale " Question " has again come to the fore , I mean the Cost of 114 Rafales being discussed on Twitter As compared to Tejas MK 2

So somehow there is a fear that Neither MK 2 is getting completed soon and Nor the 114 Rafales acquisition will proceed because of Costs
Worried about the wrong thing, I'd say. It's MK2 and Rafale for IAF, not either-or. Costs are not the problem. It's not a one-time payment, but spread over 10-odd years, and as such, easily affordable even considering other major upcoming acquisitions. MK2 will be a workhorse platform, cheaper to operate than Rafale or Su-30, keeping IAF's OpEx from going out of control.

(unless ofc the Americans come in with the F-35 :) )
Nope, not happening in the slightest. We won't get a similar deal from the US as we're getting from the French. Costs (procurement, training & ops) would be ruinously high for the kind of numbers we seek to operate. Plus, the Yanks a very fickle bunch. There'll be some or the other end user clause that'll be limiting (the kind which Finnish Prez alluded to recently) and the IAF/MoD won't bite.
 
Last edited:
In case of delays, this GoI will likely buy some more Rafale off the shelf with limited offsets like it did in its 1st term.

France has a lot invested in this deal and they won't let it go the way of the Australian SSK deal (unless ofc the Americans come in with the F-35 :) )
We need to buy 500 billion worth goods fro USA. And USA is open to export f35 to india. Yeas, we will purchase F35,hope it will come with APG85 radar.
 
Nope, not happening in the slightest. We won't get a similar deal from the US as we're getting from the French. Costs (procurement, training & ops) would be ruinously high for the kind of numbers we seek to operate. Plus, the Yanks a very fickle bunch. There'll be some or the other end user clause that'll be limiting (the kind which Finnish Prez alluded to recently) and the IAF/MoD won't bite.
I was just being witty! The Turks are being forced to return their S-400s as a pre-condition for rejoining the F-35 program. No way India's doing that, even if the US relented on ToT/customization issues.

Otoh, the French will not have forgotten how the Americans snatched a prized Oz SSK deal worth billions out of their hands at the last minute. They'd be determined to never let it happen again.

An Indian FAL will help DA scale production and subsidise costs across the board. Otoh, India has already bought 62 Rafale + invested billions in ground infra.

However, I fully expect the Americans to make a last minute offer. This is a $35 billion jackpot, after all.

Why do you think Trump hasn't sanctioned us yet for buying Russian mil hardware like he did on oil purchases?
 
Last edited:
However, I fully expect the Americans to make a last minute offer. This is a $35 billion jackpot, after all.

Why do you think Trump hasn't sanctioned us yet for buying Russian mil hardware like he did on oil purchases?
Agreed! But Trump hasn't sanctioned us for Rus mil hardware coz we haven't made any big ticket purchases since the S-400, of which 2-sqds out of 5 haven't been delivered yet. Any other Russian hardware purchases can be categorised as "fleet sustainment" and not a shiny new purchase unlike Algeria's Su-57, so no sanctions there.

I fully expect the Americans to make an offer for F-35, but unlike the Turks who have been asked to part with their S-400s, we won't have the same issue. The idea of F-35 will only be entertained by the MoD/IAF top brass only as a stop-gap 5th gen fighter, and not a Rafale substitute.
 
Agreed! But Trump hasn't sanctioned us for Rus mil hardware coz we haven't made any big ticket purchases since the S-400, of which 2-sqds out of 5 haven't been delivered yet. Any other Russian hardware purchases can be categorised as "fleet sustainment" and not a shiny new purchase unlike Algeria's Su-57, so no sanctions there.

I fully expect the Americans to make an offer for F-35, but unlike the Turks who have been asked to part with their S-400s, we won't have the same issue. The idea of F-35 will only be entertained by the MoD/IAF top brass only as a stop-gap 5th gen fighter, and not a Rafale substitute.
It won't be a stop gap purchase like 36 rafale of 2016. It will be a full strength purchase, 90+ F35 you can expect. We need to give respect the indo US trade deal, and i beleive this is the best thing in that agreement. My only wish is we should negotiate for APG85 Radar on F35.
 
I fully expect the Americans to make an offer for F-35, but unlike the Turks who have been asked to part with their S-400s, we won't have the same issue. The idea of F-35 will only be entertained by the MoD/IAF top brass only as a stop-gap 5th gen fighter, and not a Rafale substitute.
The Americans fear Russia could glean classified RCS/comms frequency data on any F-35s operating in the vicinity of S400s. Ours would be no exception.

Unless a compromise is reached, they'd likely only offer us a monkey model F-35 at best. This despite India having signed Cismoa, Beca and other 'foundational agreements'.

The IAF ofc will not accept any arbitrary downgrades over and above the standard export model. It is a delicious drama but ultimately it won't play out in our favour.

Apparently, even the Greeks were cleared to buy F-35s only after they agrees to sell off their S-300s on the int'l market.
 
Last edited:
The Americans fear Russia could glean classified RCS/comms frequency data on any F-35s operating in the vicinity of S400s. Ours would be no exception.

Unless a compromise is reached, they'd likely only offer us a monkey model F-35 at best. This despite India having signed Cismoa, Beca and other 'foundational agreements'.

The IAF ofc will not accept any arbitrary downgrades over and above the standard export model. It is a delicious drama but ultimately it won't play out in our favour.

Apparently, even the Greeks were cleared to buy F-35s only after they agrees to sell off their S-300s on the int'l market.
Both GOI & IAF have already rejected F-35s way back in last summer. A team of Lockheed Martin representatives was about to visit last year with full roadmap for F-35 acquisition. It also included 114 F-16Vs fully manufactured at Tata's plant. But post our Ops, we categorically said no. Thus the team cancelled their visit.

In fact, we gave go ahead to the Russians around late Sep, early Oct about Su-57 acquisition, post which UAC team visited Nashik plant. Russians weapons/platforms like MKI, BrahMos & S-400 did a stellar job and our defence planners see Russia as an all weather, reliable partner.

Currently, our defence planners are brainstorming how to acquire Su-57 while escaping any sanctions. All-in-all, we'll end up with over 140 Su-57s.