Project-76 Indigenous Diesel-electric Submarine (SSK) Program

Can't help it. Scorpene doesn't meet future requirements and we need advanced next-gen subs with proven tech. The only faster choices are direct imports and second-hand Kilos, neither being the primary choices for the IN.

And we are doing it Korean style. The P-76's design will be influenced by the design of the German sub. And the German sub itself is an improved variant of the Type 214. So almost the entire thing is based on proven systems.

We're taking something that's proven and modifying it to a point where saying it's proven is a bit of a stretch.

And no, the P-76 is unlikely to have any German influence for the simple reason that it's already being designed as we speak while P-75I isn't even signed (let alone any chance for us to absorb the ToT from it).

If anything, P-76 will have Scorpene influence.
 
We're taking something that's proven and modifying it to a point where saying it's proven is a bit of a stretch.

Why not? It's just an enlarged Type 214.

And no, the P-76 is unlikely to have any German influence for the simple reason that it's already being designed as we speak while P-75I isn't even signed (let alone any chance for us to absorb the ToT from it).

If anything, P-76 will have Scorpene influence.

P-75I has already finished its design stage as of 2024. P-76 began its design stage after the P-75I choice was finalized. The point of P-75I was to bring in a ready-to-build submarine.

IN already said P-75I ToT will form the baseline for the P-76.
 
Why not? It's just an enlarged Type 214.

With an entirely different hydrodynamic profile thanks to the new angled outer hull.

The Type-212CD (which has a similar outer hull) required a fresh post-contract Critical Design Review that took ~3 years to complete.

And our 214 is even bigger than the 212CD.

P-75I has already finished its design stage as of 2024. P-76 began its design stage after the P-75I choice was finalized. The point of P-75I was to bring in a ready-to-build submarine.

IN already said P-75I ToT will form the baseline for the P-76.

What they did is a preliminary design. They won't do detailed design unless there's ink on paper and money in their bank account. That's how it was even for 212CD.

All the same, the design won't be shared until & unless we start payments, so no way to actually use that ToT before going to contract.
 
With an entirely different hydrodynamic profile thanks to the new angled outer hull.

The Type-212CD (which has a similar outer hull) required a fresh post-contract Critical Design Review that took ~3 years to complete.

And our 214 is even bigger than the 212CD.

Our design rides on the back of many programs, including the concept Type 216, Type 218SG, and Australia's Type 216.

I don't know if our version has anthing to do with Type 212CD, but if it does, then that further derisks the design. At least one of this class has been launched.

What they did is a preliminary design. They won't do detailed design unless there's ink on paper and money in their bank account. That's how it was even for 212CD.

All the same, the design won't be shared until & unless we start payments, so no way to actually use that ToT before going to contract.

Yes, the hull and propulsion design is finished. Contract phase they determine electronics and weapons. Then yes, they will fit all that stuff in during the detailed design phase, which will take 18 months.

But P-75I requires the hull and propulsion to be ready to build. That was the entire point of this exercise.
 
Our design rides on the back of many programs, including the concept Type 216, Type 218SG, and Australia's Type 216.

That's also true for the 212CD. That didn't stop it from needing a 3 years-long redesign.

I don't know if our version has anthing to do with Type 212CD, but if it does, then that further derisks the design. At least one of this class has been launched.

Ours will have a similar shaped outer hull, but seems to be slightly bigger (2800 tons on 212CD vs 3000+ tons for P75I), so not the exact same. So a fresh hydrodynamic study will be needed. Plus the detailed design has to be done keeping in mind a different kind of steel as the 212's non-magnetic hull isn't allowed on the 214 for export.

Yes, the hull and propulsion design is finished. Contract phase they determine electronics and weapons. Then yes, they will fit all that stuff in during the detailed design phase, which will take 18 months.

But P-75I requires the hull and propulsion to be ready to build. That was the entire point of this exercise.

But where is it stated that the Germans must share ToT & expertise with our design groups even before we actually sign the contract or pay them for anything?

Showing a promotional PPT (which is all they've been doing so far) doesn't allow us to absorb any ToT.
 
Hmm that's true, but do we even have furthur expansion capability at SBC? can we build another big dry dock? because eventually we will have to move on from piece meal orders and go on for mass production as the economy matures. Lets see, The MoD might find the invstment in katupalli worthwhile for SSNs especially considering L&T alr makes the frames at hazira.

Again this is something that will be decided 10 ish years from now so we really dont know how the priorities are gonna change over that time.
Kattupalli makes sense as a second diesel sub-building yard after MDL. If the P-76 is being pursued under ATVP as reported, then L&T also makes sense as the preferred builder. Though one has to wonder, if it's possible to pursue fully-indigenous AIP subs for delivery in the 2030s, why even continue to pursue P-75I? Seems more and more like a political quid-pro-quo to get a favourable FTA with EU.

SSN final assembly will never take place at anywhere other than SBC, Vizag. Too much nuclear-ready infrastructure is needed for that, stuff which is not easy or economically viable to replicate at multiple places.

What's possible is that module-fabrication for future nuke subs may also take place at Kattupalli, provided they have the machine shops to support it. Right now only L&T Hazira seems to be doing it.
 
That's also true for the 212CD. That didn't stop it from needing a 3 years-long redesign.

Don't think it was for the hull and propulsion though. Deal was signed in Aug 2021 and first sub was laid down in Sept 2023, only 2 years, which means long lead procurement would have begun in 2021 itself, and metal cutting likely started 18 months after contract. Seems prety normal.

CDR happened in 2024, which implies it was for the internal layout, not the hull and propulsion.

Ours will have a similar shaped outer hull, but seems to be slightly bigger (2800 tons on 212CD vs 3000+ tons for P75I), so not the exact same. So a fresh hydrodynamic study will be needed. Plus the detailed design has to be done keeping in mind a different kind of steel as the 212's non-magnetic hull isn't allowed on the 214 for export.

If Type 212CD took 18 months, ours will be done in 18 months too.

But where is it stated that the Germans must share ToT & expertise with our design groups even before we actually sign the contract or pay them for anything?

Showing a promotional PPT (which is all they've been doing so far) doesn't allow us to absorb any ToT.

You don't need CDR-level detailed blueprint for creating benchmarks. The amount of information received from the RFP itself will be more than enough. It will come with all the PDR-related data. You will basically know everything about the hull and propulsion at this point.
 
Don't think it was for the hull and propulsion though. Deal was signed in Aug 2021 and first sub was laid down in Sept 2023, only 2 years, which means long lead procurement would have begun in 2021 itself, and metal cutting likely started 18 months after contract. Seems prety normal.

CDR happened in 2024, which implies it was for the internal layout, not the hull and propulsion.



If Type 212CD took 18 months, ours will be done in 18 months too.

We'll see.

You don't need CDR-level detailed blueprint for creating benchmarks. The amount of information received from the RFP itself will be more than enough. It will come with all the PDR-related data. You will basically know everything about the hull and propulsion at this point.

So the influence on P-76 you're talking about is actually the P-75I RFP influence. That's got nothing to do with German designs. Till less than a year ago we didn't even know we were gonna go with the TKMS offer. So why would we be influenced by the 214 Mod but not by the S80+?

The Spanish boat (an entirely different design) met all the requirements as well, it was just rejected based on technicalities surrounding readiness of FC-AIP and things like that.
 
Hmm that's true, but do we even have furthur expansion capability at SBC? can we build another big dry dock? because eventually we will have to move on from piece meal orders and go on for mass production as the economy matures. Lets see, The MoD might find the invstment in katupalli worthwhile for SSNs especially considering L&T alr makes the frames at hazira.

Again this is something that will be decided 10 ish years from now so we really dont know how the priorities are gonna change over that time.

We're already building a new large dry dock for future nuke subs.

sbc new.png

The northern structure with the blue roof is all-new. Will be dedicated for P-77 SSN/S-5 SSBN.

This new dock is actually 64m wider than BAE's Devonshire dock hall and 30m wider than General Dynamics Groton facility. Can easily accommodate 3-4 nuclear sub hulls side by side under various stages of construction.

Combine that with the smaller, older dock (white-roof structure below it) where 2 x Arihant-class boats were fitted out simultaneously (one behind the other), and you're going to have a combined capacity of building 5-6 nuclear boats at any given time.

This is exceeding the capability of UK & France.

(and that's while MDL on West coast retains a diesel boat-building capacity, and L&T may very well open another such line on east coast for P-76)
 
So the influence on P-76 you're talking about is actually the P-75I RFP influence. That's got nothing to do with German designs. Till less than a year ago we didn't even know we were gonna go with the TKMS offer. So why would we be influenced by the 214 Mod but not by the S80+?

The Spanish boat (an entirely different design) met all the requirements as well, it was just rejected based on technicalities surrounding readiness of FC-AIP and things like that.

Why on earth would they use RFP benchmarks?

We sent out the RFP with certain benchmarks, probably a mix of Kilo and Scorpene, and the Germans met/exceeded those benchmarks with their Type 214 derived "angled" hull design that we will build for P-75I. Then we use this new hull design the Germans competed with during the contest to create the benchmarks for P-76.

For example, if the Germans have offered angled hull design, and it turns out to be better than conventional designs, then what's stopping us from adding angled hull on P-76? That's the main benefit of what we are trying to do here. Someone's already done the R&D, now all we have to do is make models and add it on our own designs, even future SSNs and SSBNs, if it helps.

The Germans are not gonna start designing a brand new submarine after we sign the P-75I deal. We didn't conduct such a long program just to test out AIP. They provide the full hull and core electronics in the RFP stage itself.

Once the contract is signed, we will begin procurement of long lead items and the process for metal cutting of the steel and then lay the hull in parallel to the detailed design phase.

All companies participated with complete hull designs. Only the S-80 Plus was already in production.
 
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Why on earth would they use RFP benchmarks?

We sent out the RFP with certain benchmarks, probably a mix of Kilo and Scorpene, and the Germans met/exceeded those benchmarks with their Type 214 derived "angled" hull design that we will build for P-75I. Then we use this new hull design the Germans competed with during the contest to create the benchmarks for P-76.

For example, if the Germans have offered angled hull design, and it turns out to be better than conventional designs, then what's stopping us from adding angled hull on P-76? That's the main benefit of what we are trying to do here. Someone's already done the R&D, now all we have to do is make models and add it on our own designs, even future SSNs and SSBNs, if it helps.

The Germans are not gonna start designing a brand new submarine after we sign the P-75I deal. We didn't conduct such a long program just to test out AIP. They provide the full hull and core electronics in the RFP stage itself.

Once the contract is signed, we will begin procurement of long lead items and the process for metal cutting of the steel and then lay the hull in parallel to the detailed design phase.

All companies participated with complete hull designs. Only the S-80 Plus was already in production.

As per Sandeep's report, the P-76 is going to be a single hulled design. Whereas TKMS P75I is a double hulled design thanks to the new outer hull.

So no, it's not going to be based on TKMS offer.
 
As per Sandeep's report, the P-76 is going to be a single hulled design. Whereas TKMS P75I is a double hulled design thanks to the new outer hull.

So no, it's not going to be based on TKMS offer.

You are thinking of a copy based on my angled hull example. It doesn't have to be a copy.

Some things can be copied, some things can be inspired, but the benchmark reference would be the same.

Like Kaveri is benchmarked to the F404. TEDBF with Rafale. AMCA engine is benchmarked to the F414.

T-90 uses T-80 and T-72 as benchmarks. Arjun uses Leopard 2A4 as the benchmark.
 
You are thinking of a copy based on my angled hull example. It doesn't have to be a copy.

Some things can be copied, some things can be inspired, but the benchmark reference would be the same.

Like Kaveri is benchmarked to the F404. TEDBF with Rafale. AMCA engine is benchmarked to the F414.

T-90 uses T-80 and T-72 as benchmarks. Arjun uses Leopard 2A4 as the benchmark.

So if the externals are going to be different, and the internals are anyway going to be different...there really isn't much left to say it'll be influenced by the German sub is there?

There's actually two conceptual designs we've seen earlier, one with VLS and one without, which may actually be P-76:

This from 2018:

FIrHXGqVQAkcs9n.png

FIrHJzrVQAA5Vvx.jpg

And this from 2021:

E52SiTTVEAINWmg.jpg

ssk.JPG
 
So if the externals are going to be different, and the internals are anyway going to be different...there really isn't much left to say it'll be influenced by the German sub is there?

Internals will definitely be different. The P-76's goal is 90% Indian versus P-75I's minimum 60%.

P-75I will come with a German hull, engine, and core electronics. Only some non-core electronics, some weapons, and some propulsion related subsytems like electric motor and batteries are expected to be Indian.

If we use the P-75 as reference for P-76, then we will attain R&D, industry, maintenance, and training level level commonality. This way, the propulsion system could end up being the same, we could maintain similar dimensions and ensure the internal layout is more or less the same, weapons systems will be the same and so on. So there's commonality across multiple domains, even if the external shape and some core electronics are slightly different.

That's how the forces hit the ground running by benchmarking new programs with old programs.

There's actually two conceptual designs we've seen earlier, one with VLS and one without, which may actually be P-76:


This from 2018:

View attachment 51692

View attachment 51693

And this from 2021:

View attachment 51694

View attachment 51691

I doubt we would have published our own hull design this way. Anyway, P-76 feasibility studies began only in 2024. These are just concept designs, perhaps they highlight different technologies going into the sub rather than the hull design.

“DRDO got a go ahead from defence ministry to carry out a preliminary study to determine the project contours. It is expected to take upto a year after which a formal case will be put up to the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) for project sanction,” a defence source in the know said.

From 2025.
Design phase expected to take up to three years, with another five years for construction; project aiming for 90% to 95% indigenous content; contract negotiations to start soon for separate deal to buy six new subs
 
We're taking something that's proven and modifying it to a point where saying it's proven is a bit of a stretch.

And no, the P-76 is unlikely to have any German influence for the simple reason that it's already being designed as we speak while P-75I isn't even signed (let alone any chance for us to absorb the ToT from it).

If anything, P-76 will have Scorpene influence.
This whole conversation is just so hilarious. @randomradio deserves the moniker of storyteller.:LOL:
Randomradio has already made up his mind that P-76's design is based on the P-75I's (german) submarine technology. But the problem is that german sub doesn't exist in reality. P-75I's contract hasn't even been signed, so that tech is not in Indian hands yet.

Now, Randomradio has dug a hole for himself here and there is no way of getting out. He already has a conclusion in his mind and he will twist conversations & shift goalposts, basically do everything, to force fit the narrative to suit his conclusion. Even a layman can understand the crux of the argument here. Post after post just nonsensical "storyteller slop" to force fit this narrative that doesnt make sense.

Goodluck to anyone who engages in conversation with this guy.
 
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This whole conversation is just so hilarious. @randomradio deserves the moniker of storyteller.:LOL:
Randomradio has already made up his mind that P-76's design is based on the P-75I's (german) submarine technology. But the problem is that german sub doesn't exist in reality. P-75I's contract hasn't even been signed, so that tech is not in Indian hands yet.

Now, Randomradio has dug a hole for himself here and there is no way of getting out. He already has a conclusion in his mind and he will twist conversations & shift goalposts, basically do everything, to force fit the narrative to suit his conclusion. Even a layman can understand the crux of the argument here. Post after post just nonsensical "storyteller slop" to force fit this narrative that doesnt make sense.

Goodluck to anyone who engages in conversation with this guy.

Where on earth is the common sense here?

What was P-75I about then? Why do we need to sign a deal to get access to what's actually necessary for P-76's design?

P-75I comes with the hull design, propulsion, and core electronics all done. All contenders have to participate with the full design already completed.

That's why we got Amur, DSME-3000, and SMX 3.0, not just S-80 Plus. The only difference is the others advertised their designs while the Germans have not.

Then comes the paper evaluation, where they evaluate the entire submarine, ie, the hull, propulsion, and all electronics on offer. The contenders even simulate all the things the IN wants that's not from the OEM side. Whatever can be evaluated during the physical evaluations are then evaluated. That's everything they are allowed to show us on older subs, like CMS, AIP, weapons systems, sensors, propulsion etc. They obviously cannot demonstrate the India-specific hull and propulsion, so that's simulated, along with whatever else they cannot demonstrate at this stage. They show how everything fits into the hull, how much propulsion you need, what sort of capabilities you get out of it etc. They even show the entire building process at this stage along with the roadmap. And they provide all the costs associated with the program, including LCC. Which means, the design must already be ready-to-build at this stage.

This is basic common sense. How would you know if the AIP is good enough if you don't know anything about the hull? If they demonstrate their AIP on 13 kW cells, then they will have to show off their 17-20 kW cells or the roadmap of achieving it to move "this big" and "that heavy" of a vessel.

This is the basic flowchart of the tender.
SQRs - PDC - tender start (evaluations for PDR) - contract - detailed design - parallel construction start - sub laid - CDR - contract for subsystems - launch...

This is pretty much how it is for other ships too, anything that's got a development component attached to it. That's why Norway selected the Type 212CD in 2017, signed a contract in 2021, laid the submarine in 2023, and finished CDR only in 2024, upon completion of the detailed design.

Example of a subsystems contract being signed well after CDR, a few months ago.

Pretty soon the Type 212CD will be launched and sea trials will begin in 2027, ie, 3 years after detailed design finished.

The problem is people are confusing it with already operational systems where the flowchart is completely different, where SQR is after the technology is already operational in the configuration required, like Rafale.

It's very frustrating when people think their ignorance is an opinion.
 
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Very good video on subs

-> Lead acid battery need to be replaced to li-ion asap(solid state batteries in future)
-> ssk are good for shallow, choked water or to defend your terriority
-> ssn need for open seas

We need atleast 12 ssn
-> 6 to make bastion safe for our ssbn(not all subs arr available all time)

-> Few to escort cbg

-> few to hunt in open ocean

Ideally need atleast 18. But can be worked with 12 too