The US Navy continues to operate the
Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet as its workhorse strike fighter because it remains the most cost-effective and operationally rugged platform of the carrier air wing. While the Lockheed Martin F-35C Lightning II provides high-end stealth and sensor capabilities at the tip of the spear, the Super Hornet provides the mass, payload, and reliability necessary to sustain high-tempo global operations.
The Super Hornet is a proven, reliable airframe with an established global logistics chain. It can generate more repeat sorties per day than the maintenance-intensive fifth-generation F-35C, which is still reaching full operational capacity. Operating a Super Hornet is significantly less expensive per flight hour than a Joint Strike Fighter, aka F-35C. Maintaining a mix of 4.5 and 5th-Gen aircraft allows the Navy to sustain a larger fleet within a manageable budget.
The Navy’s Air Wing of the Future will eventually rely on the 5th-Gen F-35C and 6th-Gen F/A-XX as digitally networked air wing 'quarterbacks' to find targets while remaining invisible. At least for the next decade until then, the Super Hornet acts as the heavy hitter that follows through to deliver massed firepower.
Persistent Presence To Project Power And Protect The Boat
The Super Hornet Fleet's Reliable 80% Readiness
The Super Hornet, or Rhino as it is often called, has a distinct advantage over its newer counterpart, the F-35, in staying power over the battlespace. Thanks to less frequent maintenance intervals and lower total operating costs, the F/A-18 provides a more readily available platform to orbit the front line for close-air-support on demand or sit on a CAP station at sea to defend the boat.
Fat Amy, as the F-35 is nicknamed, can fly the same mission but at greater cost and higher wear and tear owing to its
more 'exquisite' and delicate systems. That means it is better served only flying such missions when the threat level is at its highest and once enemy air defense has been softened up, the Rhino is better suited to the task. At that stage in an air campaign, the F-35s would be pushed behind enemy lines to designate targets for standoff strikes as the digital node of the air wing.
Designed for the harsh maritime environment, the Super Hornet's established parts supply chain and ease of repair allow it to generate more repeat sorties per day. The Rhino has sustained approximately 80% readiness over the last few years, whereas, since the JSF was introduced, it has struggled to maintain a 50% availability rate. According to the Congressional Budget Office, due to the extraordinary demands of carrier operations, the F-35C airframes have sometimes fallen below a
10% full mission capability level.
The Carrier Strike Group's Missile Truck
Over 17,000 Pounds Of Rhino Firepower
Although the F-35C can go into what is known as 'beast mode' by mounting ordnance on external hardpoints, this compromises its stealth profile, which is one of the most important elements of the jet's design. Meanwhile, the Super Hornet can carry over 17,000 pounds of ordnance on 11 hard points. This makes it both a highly effective CAS platform and a heavily armed, beyond-visual-range striker in air-to-air combat against near-peer adversaries.
To remain invisible to radar, the F-35C typically carries only four AIM-120 AMRAAMs internally. Even with the Sidekick upgrade, this only increases to six. A single Super Hornet can carry 10 or more air-to-air missiles. Add to that, many of the Navy's most powerful long-range weapons are physically too large to fit inside the F-35C's internal bays, like the AIM-174B Gunslinger and LRASM or JASSM.
Being a 'missile truck' also requires being able to return to the carrier, re-arm, and launch again quickly. This is also an area where the Rhino is better for the job. In a prolonged conflict, the ability to generate more sorties per day allows the Navy to sustain a volume of fire that Fat Amy cannot currently match.
The Navy employs these jets as a team where the JSF acts as the spotter and the Super Hornet acts as the shooter. The F-35C uses its stealth to penetrate deep into enemy territory to identify targets without being seen. The Super Hornet then launches its massive rack of missiles at the target based on the F-35's data, never needing to turn on its own position-revealing radar.
The Two-Seat Operations Specialist Of The Fleet
Two Officers Are Better Than One
While the F-35C Lightning II uses automation and sensor fusion to reduce pilot workload, certain tactical roles still require human-in-the-loop coordination that a single person cannot execute as effectively. The two-seat F/A-18F Super Hornet provides a critical second set of eyes and 'a second brain' thanks to the Naval Flight Officer in the back seat. The two-crew team allows the platform to excel in high-workload mission sets where a single-seat pilot can be overwhelmed, even with Artificial Intelligence along to help.
In the fighter community, the backseater is referred to as the Weapons Systems Officer and handles radar mechanics, target prioritization, and datalink management, as well as other tasks. This is specifically valuable in the Forward Air Control mission, where the aircrew of the Strike Fighter must manage both a complex air and ground picture to provide bombs on target when called upon by troops on the ground. Managing a complex close air support environment while flying is extremely taxing for a single pilot, even with advanced sensors.
Another area where it is very valuable to have a two-seat fighter jet in the Navy is when operating
against near-peer adversaries and the use of standoff munitions is more imperative against both air and surface targets, as USNI wrote. Certain standoff weapons, such as the SLAM-ER, require manual steering or target validation during the terminal phase of flight. A dedicated WSO can manually control a sensor pod or a missile's guidance while the pilot maintains a focus on the wider battlespace picture.
Affordable Mass For The Air Wing
A Strike Fighter For Half The Price Of Stealth
While it is true that the F-35A can cost as little as $80 million, the Navy's F-35C variant is a special heavy-duty model that is produced in far lower numbers and has a price tag between $100 million and $120 million. In contrast, the Super Hornet price tag is between $66 million and $75 million. On top of that, the F/A-18 costs between $24,000 and $30,000 per flight hour, whereas the JSF costs between $36,000 and $44,000.
Not only is the Super Hornet tens of millions of dollars cheaper to purchase, but the cost to operate a squadron is tens of millions of dollars per year cheaper. That equates to a larger budget for munitions, fuel, parts, training, or anything else that a unit could need. Ultimately, Fat Amy is reserved for the most intensive missions and the Super Hornet is the workhorse that fulfills routine operations where the cost of wear and tear on a stealth fighter is wasted.
In a major conflict, fielding a fleet of several hundred JSFs would be so cost-intensive and demand such a burdensome logistical support chain that it is essentially untenable even for the world's largest and most powerful navy. On the other hand, the Hornet is proven and ruggedized so that it is not only less expensive, but it breaks less often, too. Overall, the combined qualities of each aircraft are necessary for the Navy to accomplish 'any mission at any time.'
Buddy Tankers For All Tailhook Jets
1,920 Gallons Of Fuel On The Fly
The Super Hornet’s ability to act as a 'Buddy Tanker' is a unique and vital mission set that the F-35C cannot perform. While the F-35C is designed to be a receiver of fuel to maintain its stealth profile, the Rhino is equipped to be a tanker. It can transfer thousands of pounds of fuel to other jets in midair, providing organic refueling for the entire carrier air wing.
The Super Hornet does this by carrying an external Aerial Refueling Store, or Buddy Store, pod on its centerline hardpoint. This pod contains a hose-and-drogue system and its own fuel pumps. A Super Hornet in a tanker configuration can carry four external 480-gallon fuel tanks plus the ARS pod.
Super Hornets launch specifically to orbit near the carrier, providing a safety net for F-35Cs, F/A-18s, or even the upcoming MQ-25 Stingray drone when they are returning with low fuel or on difficult night landings. Rhinos can also fly mission tanking sorties, accompanying a strike group partway to a target, topping them off, and then returning to the ship. This allows the other aircraft to penetrate deep into enemy territory with full internal tanks.
This complements the new high-low air wing division between stealth and non-stealth fighter jets. By having the non-stealthy Super Hornet carry the heavy, drag-inducing refueling pods, the F-35C can remain clean and stealthy for its mission. Even when
the MQ-25 becomes fully operational, the Rhino will be a complementary buddy tanker as backup.
The Navy is currently introducing the MQ-25 Stingray drone to take over this role, but until the MQ-25 is fully operational across the fleet, the Super Hornet remains the only aircraft on the flight deck capable of this mission.