Indian Science and Technology Developments : Updates and Discussions

Bharat is keeping step with India on Internet usage and patterns
With 265 million internet users, rural India is not only catching up with cities in terms of the sheer number of netizens, it is also mirroring the time spent, frequency, share of female users and mode of access with its urban cousin.

And, while internet usage might look similar on the surface, the activities which urban and rural users engage in online are different, according to data and insights by leading research firm Kantar, which were exclusively with ET.

Moreover, while urban India is close to reaching saturation levels with around 60% of the population having access to the internet, the headroom for growth in rural areas remains massive, Kantar said.

This could skew the way online companies and developers view India as a market.

Women now make up 41% of internet users in rural India, compared to 43% in urban regions. The number of daily active users in rural India is 89%, versus 88% for cities and towns, with close to 40% of users in both regions spending over one hour accessing the internet daily.

Bharat is keeping step with India on Internet usage and patterns

Internet access through personal computers stands at 19% for both.

The only slight difference in demographic shows up while analysing the share of users between the ages of 15 and 34, which Kantar calls the ‘core internet user group’.

This makes up 57% in rural regions and 51% in urban regions, signalling that various age groups in the urban populace are using the internet more.

“There is not much difference in the demographic or the overall usage and duration as well. But the moment we look at the usages, there's a significant difference. So, basically what this means is that, there are fewer activities that rural users are doing, but they’re doing it for a longer period of time,” said Biswapriya Bhattacharjee, executive vice president of the insights division at Kantar.

According to the research firm, rural users, on average, perform about 32% fewer activities than their urban counterparts on the internet.

However, when it comes to activities such as watching online videos and online search, rural users cross the average usage index, meaning they are doing more of this than other activities such as using social media.

While urban users consume more video content online, apps such as MX Player* and Jio TV see almost equal reach in urban and rural India.

Bharat is keeping step with India on Internet usage and patterns

The biggest surprise, however, is social media, where the overall lower adoption of Facebook and WhatsApp in rural India keeps the usage index at just 60, but TikTok scores 166.

Typically, scores higher than 100 mean the reach in rural areas is higher than in urban regions, and vice versa.

The usage index for Facebook in rural India is just 47, while for WhatsApp, it is even lower at 37. The least penetrated category in rural areas is online shopping, which gets a usage index of just 29.

“Rural is all about entertainment and social media,” added Bhattacharjee. “Shopping is much more of a higher order function. It’s not that rural users are not shopping online, it’s just that the penetration is much lower than for urban users.”
 
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and none work in India lol. desh bhakt bharitis....take education and everything here subsidised by GOI and poor indians and then go to America to clean a** of there white papa.
You are just an old rag commie ideologist who cant stop criticizing but don't want to change it either.

Yes, They are going outside because there is no high tech industry or innovation hubs that can employ them. Because of license raj, antibusiness, and the supremely incompetent PSUs which still hold a monopoly in many fields. Oh did i mention reservation?

If I ask you why not let ease or reform all these including the restriction-free private university education. Then you are gonna blabber about crony capitalism and profit-making.

Keep producing these gems with your lazy *censored* from your parents closet who was probably a PSU employee.
 
You are just an old rag commie ideologist who cant stop criticizing but don't want to change it either.

Yes, They are going outside because there is no high tech industry or innovation hubs that can employ them. Because of license raj, antibusiness, and the supremely incompetent PSUs which still hold a monopoly in many fields. Oh did i mention reservation?

If I ask you why not let ease or reform all these including the restriction-free private university education. Then you are gonna blabber about crony capitalism and profit-making.

Keep producing these gems with your lazy *censored* from your parents closet who was probably a PSU employee.
everything is here... they just want to be white so bad it's not even funny Lola! . Pvt sector universities in India are all profit making with substandard education. not a single toilet paper worth of research come from them.
 
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Your views.
@Bali78
This article is spot on. Apple is world’s second largest chip making company after Intel, but all it’s chips are made in TSMC.
India should rather focus on system design.
 

IIT-G develops novel free space optical communication system​

The research team has demonstrated the distortion-free transmission of text messages and images over distance of one kilometre even in the presence of turbulence such as during a stormy weather.

Researchers at Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT-G) have developed a novel free-space optical communication system using light beams that is free from the distorting effects of atmospheric turbulence.

The research team has demonstrated the distortion-free transmission of text messages and images over distance of one kilometre even in the presence of turbulence such as during a stormy weather.

The communication system can thus be used for high speed and secured communication between two individuals located either inside a building or outside, according to a study published Communications Physics, a journal belonging to Nature Publishing Group.

The researchers said that the system is also insulated from hacking and interloping, making it more secure than wired and other conventional wireless forms of communication.

The research team was led by Bosanta Ranjan Boruah, Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati and Santanu Konwar, presently an Assistant Professor at the Department of Physics, Abhayapuri College, Assam.

In free-space communication, data in the form of voice, text or image is transmitted using light wirelessly rather than through optical fibres and it represents the next generation of communications technology.

The past couple of decades have seen phenomenal developments in free-space communication.

Most free-space communication systems developed so far all over the world use a type of light beam called the vortex beam to encode the data.

The problem in the use of vortex beam is that it can be distorted by turbulence that may occur in the medium of propagation.

In effect, data transmitted wirelessly using light/laser beams, can become corrupted when transmitted through atmospheric turbulence such as wind.

To overcome this problem, the IIT Guwahati researchers used orthogonal spatial light modes called Zernike modes to encode the data and to transmit the same robustly in the form of the phase profile of a laser beam.

“In our work, the transmission station modulates the phase profile of a laser beam that carries the data, in terms of the strengths of a few Zernike modes. In the process we also enhance the information content per modulation cycle of the laser beam,” Boruah said in a statement.

At the point of reception, the laser beam with encoded user information is sensed by a specially designed wavefront sensor that decodes the user information.

In this communication system, a unique mechanism has been implemented that can compensate for the effect of atmospheric turbulence, so that the user information can be transmitted even through turbulent atmosphere resulting in negligible error at the receiving station.

“In addition to eliminating errors in communication, our system is also insulated from hacking and interloping,” said Konwar.

“This is because the receiver decodes the transmitted beam by measuring the phase and not the power of the light beam, with prior knowledge about the strength and types of Zernike modes used, which make it more secure than wired and other conventional wireless forms of communication.”

Furthermore, the transmission is directed strictly towards the receiver, unlike other wireless forms of communication in which the information is transmitted in all directions, adding to the security of the communication, said the study.​

 
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