The food (120 tonnes) and fuel (3,400 tonnes) capacity of the Charles de Gaulle gives it 45 days of total autonomy in operation. Its air group can carry out 100 flights a day for 7 days, i.e. more than 700 flights in total autonomy. This means that it must refuel at sea during long missions lasting several months, which its nuclear propulsion allows it to do.
A refuelling tanker providing a further 30 days of total autonomy is permanently assigned to GAN TF473 to refuel the Charles de Gaulle and the other ships in the group. With just one refuelling a week, the level of fuel on board never falls below 70%, i.e. more than a month of total autonomy in operation. During high-intensity warfare missions, a second tanker is deployed as back-up. While one remains with the fleet, the other can shuttle to refuelling points to ensure the permanent presence of a tanker alongside the Charles de Gaulle. This reinforced system was used in 2002 during Operation Heracles off the coast of Afghanistan.
Information report no. 358 by the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Committee on the future of the naval air arm states that :
- the cruising speed of the Charles de Gaulle's carrier group is improved compared with a conventionally powered aircraft carrier thanks to the significant reduction in its refuelling requirements. A conventional aircraft carrier requiring refuelling every three or four days has to adjust its cruising speed to that of the accompanying tanker, i.e. 13 knots, whereas a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier can adjust its cruising speed to that of its escort;
- thanks to more space, the Charles de Gaulle can carry more jet fuel and cover the consumption of three frigates for 10 days. At an average speed of 22 knots, the aircraft carrier and its escort can, for example, sail from Toulon to Ormuz in 8 days via the Suez Canal, or in 22 days via the Cape of Good Hope, travelling 1,000 km a day.
The Charles de Gaulle can carry out the same missions as those carried out by an American heavy aircraft carrier, but with a crew almost three times smaller, and a higher rate of effort: with 20 aircraft on board during the Bois Belleau mission carried out over five weeks with the USS Harry S. Truman and its 60 aircraft, the Charles de Gaulle put 45 aircraft into the air per day and the USS Harry S. Truman 60 aircraft.
The embarked air group (GAE) varies according to the mission, and can reach
40 aircraft, all of which can be stored in the hangar since the last major technical shutdown (ATM) (the technical installations and parts storage areas specific to the Super-Etendard have been dismantled since 2016).