The Indian Navy’s decade-long wait for modern heavyweight torpedoes ended on December 30th with the defence ministry signing a Rs 1,800 crore deal for heavyweight torpedoes.
India will acquire 48 Black Shark Torpedoes from Italian torpedo maker WASS for Rs 1,800 crores. Deliveries will begin in April 2028 and conclude by early 2030.
WASS was to earlier supply the Indian Navy with 98 heavyweight torpedoes under a 2012 deal, which was scrapped after its parent company, Finmeccanica (now Leonardo) was blacklisted by India’s defence ministry. The number has been cut down to 48 torpedoes.
The 2012 contract was to be split equally between two classes of submarines— 48 torpedoes for the six Scorpene class submarines and 50 for the four Arihant class SSBNs.
The navy’s thinking now appears to go in for a small quantity of imported torpedoes and focus on inducting the Takshak as the long-term solution. The Black Sharks will arm the Scorpenes and the Arihant class SSBNs with the DRDO’s under-development Takshak heavyweight torpedo. The Takshak is being developed by the Naval Science and Technological Laboratories (NSTL) in Vishakhapatnam. The fibre-optic wire-guided torpedo is being produced by Bharat Dynamics Ltd and is set to undergo sea trials shortly. Takshak is the advanced version of the Varunastra
The Indian Navy has had a long and torturous attempt to acquire torpedoes for its Scorpene-class submarines.
In September 6, 2005, the Navy signed a deal for six Scorpene diesel-electric submarines with French shipbuilder Armaris (now Naval Group). On September 7, 2005, the Navy issued an RFP for 98 torpedoes were to be procured at a cost of around Rs 870 crores. Two firms, Germany’s Atlas Elektronic (now ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems) with the Sea Hake Mod 4 torpedo and the Italian Finmeccanica (now Leonardo) with the Black Shark, were shortlisted. Financial bids were submitted on November 7, 2008. The Black Shark torpedo beat out the German competitor on cost. It charged Rs 1,500 crore for 98 torpedoes and promised to transfer technology and defence offsets worth XX crore in the Indian industry. Field evaluation trials Cost negotiations with WAAS were completed in 2012, and were waiting for final approval from the CCS.
In 2013, the reports of the corruption in a deal to procure 12 VVIP helicopters from AgustaWestland for Rs 3,600 crore, emerged. The chopper deal was scrapped in 2014. The Finmeccanica group was blacklisted by India’s Defence Ministry. The Black Shark torpedo deal, which was finalised, was the direct casualty of the blacklisting.
In 2017, the Indian Navy began inducting the Scorpenes without new torpedoes. The first unit, INS Kalvari, was inducted on December 14, 2017, equipped with the older SUT torpedoes (which had been inducted with the Type 209 submarines in 1982). The Navy scouted for alternatives like ThyssenKrupp’s Sea Hake Mod 4 and Naval Group’s F-21 torpedo, but none of these projects materialised. On November 12, 2021, India finally lifted the ban on Finmeccanica, now Leonardo. Leonardo / WASS Black Shark beat out Naval Group’s F21 torpedo in the fresh procurement process. On February 16, 2024, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) granted Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the case.